The American dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America and the “de facto” currency of a significant number of other countries where it is in circulation with local notes. It is most often a commercial currency in the world, which is over 88% of all global currency turnover, i.e. an average of $ 6.6 trillion of transactions per day, according to the data from 2022. After the Second World War, USD took over from the British pound as the reserve currency of the world. For most of its history, the American dollar was supported by gold, up to the Bretton Woods agreement in 1971, when the golden standard disappeared.

The most vital single factor affecting the value of the American dollar is the monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (FED). The Fed has two seats: achieving price stability (control inflation) and supporting full employment. Its main tool to achieve these two goals is to adjust interest rates. When the prices rise too quickly and inflation is above 2% of the Fed target, the FED will augment the rates, which helps USD values. When inflation drops below 2% or the unemployment rate is too high, the Fed may reduce interest rates that are weighing in the green area.

In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more dollars and introduce quantitative alleviation (QE). QE is a process in which the Fed significantly increases the credit flow in the detained financial system. It is a non -standard policy measure used in the event of a loan droughty, because the banks will not borrow (for fear of the contractor). This is the last last, when just lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. The weapon of choosing the Fed was a FED weapon to combat the credit crisis, which took place during the great financial crisis in 2008. This includes FED printing more dollars and using them to buy US government bonds mainly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker American dollar.

Quantitative twist (QT) is the opposite process in which the federal reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and will not reinvest from the bonds that it has in modern purchases. This is usually positive for the American dollar.